Understanding Macular Degeneration (AMD)

A leading cause of vision loss in adults over 50. Early detection and modern treatments can help protect your sight and quality of life.
Learn About AMD

What Is Macular Degeneration?

Macular degeneration affects the macula—the central part of the retina that allows us to see fine detail. Damage to this area causes blurred, distorted, or dark spots in vision.

There are two main types:

Dry (Atrophic) AMD:

The most common, slowly progressing form caused by gradual thinning of the macula.

Wet (Neovascular) AMD:

Less common but more serious, caused by abnormal blood vessels leaking fluid or blood under the retina.

Symptoms

Routine eye exams are essential, since changes may not be obvious in the early stages.

AMD may progress silently at first. Common signs include:

01. Blurry or fuzzy central vision

02. Straight lines appearing wavy or bent

03. Difficulty reading or recognizing faces

04. Dark or empty spots in the center of vision

  • Who Is More Likely to Develop AMD

Risk Factors

Factors that increase the risk of AMD include:
  • Age (50 and older)
  • Family history of AMD
  • Smoking
  • High blood pressure or heart disease
  • Long-term sun exposure

Diagnosis & Testing

Eye doctors use advanced tests to diagnose and monitor AMD, such as:

Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT):

Produces clear, detailed views of retinal layers.

Creates detailed images of the retina.

Fluorescein Angiography:

Detects unusual blood vessel growth and leakage.

Identifies abnormal blood vessels under the retina.

Amsler Grid Test:

Simple test to spot early central vision changes.

Detects wavy or missing areas in central vision.

Treatment Options

While there’s no cure, treatments can slow AMD progression:

For Dry AMD:

Nutritional supplements (AREDS2 formula) may reduce the risk of advanced disease.

For Wet AMD:

Anti-VEGF injections are the main treatment to stop abnormal vessel growth and leakage. Some patients may also benefit from laser therapy or photodynamic therapy (PDT).

For Advanced AMD:

Low-vision aids and new therapies can support daily living.

  • Protecting Your Vision Every Day

Living with AMD

Lifestyle adjustments can help protect vision:

Eat a diet rich in leafy greens, fish, and antioxidants.

Quit smoking and manage blood pressure.

Wear sunglasses with UV protection.

Use magnifiers or digital low-vision devices when needed.

At Retina Consultants of Hawaii, our specialists provide personalized treatment plans and ongoing support to help patients live fully with AMD.

Next Steps in Your Care

If you’re experiencing changes in your vision or have been diagnosed with a retinal condition, speak with your current eye care provider to determine if specialized care is needed and to coordinate a visit with our team.

Have Questions?

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